The third discussion session on the first day of the IRAMOT’s 10th International Conference, was entitled “Collaborations among industries and knowledge-based enterprises” and brought up some debates about some complementary qualities that each party may provide for the other. It was also disused the prior question that if large companies are interested in partnering with small and medium-sized enterprises. Some challenges on bonding and engaging two parties were also mentioned; for instance mutual trust, legislations, financing, infrastructures such as insurance etc.